Write for context, not for the file name
Screen reader users need the same essential information a sighted user gets from the image in its surrounding layout. That means the right alt text for a chart should mention the main takeaway, while the right alt text for a product thumbnail may focus on the item, color, and distinguishing feature.
Strong alt text usually answers one question: if the image disappeared, what information would still need to remain on the page? The answer should guide the description far more than the raw pixels do.
- Functional images should describe the action or destination, not just appearance.
- Editorial images should capture the subject and relevant context in natural language.
- Decorative images should usually use empty alt text rather than filler descriptions.



